How grades are determined
Grades are reported to the Office of the University Registrar at the end of each academic period. In assigning a grade, faculty apply the same criteria to every student in a course and may weigh any combination of attendance, written work, classroom participation, recitations, laboratory technique and reports, special reports or research, and examinations.
Letter grades are assigned with a plus or minus where appropriate. In full-year courses, grading is cumulative — the spring grade reflects the fall semester's work as well and replaces the midyear grade.
Source: official document — verified Aug 2026
What counts toward your GPA
Your GPA is computed only from courses that receive a regular letter grade. Some courses instead use Credit/No Credit ("CR"/"NC") or Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory ("S"/"U") grading — including all Health, Wellness, and Life-Skills (HWL) courses and select graduate programs — and these do not factor into the GPA, though they still count toward academic standing and satisfactory academic progress.
Undergraduates may receive interim "S" or "U" marks at midsemester, but a full-year course must carry a regular letter grade at midyear; the one exception is "EI" (excused incomplete), usable in a full-year thesis course (typically numbered 99D).
Source: official document — verified Aug 2026
Unsatisfactory grades and academic standing
For undergraduates, a grade below C- is considered unsatisfactory and generally cannot be applied toward major or minor requirements. Individual departments and programs may set higher grading standards for their own specific requirements.
Source: official document — verified Aug 2026
Grade floors for degree credit
A grade below D- does not earn credit toward a bachelor's degree. A grade below B- does not earn credit toward a graduate degree.
Two graduate-program exceptions apply to C+ grades: in the Heller School and the School of Business and Economics, students in residence four semesters or more may keep graduate-degree credit for up to two C+ grades, and students in residence two or three semesters may keep credit for one. A grade below B- is never accepted in a program's capstone course (for example, the Team Consulting Project in the MBA program).
Source: official document — verified Aug 2026